EDPs, motorized or not, have taken urban mobility by storm by offering accessible and ecological solutions. Among them is the electric bike which appeals to a large part of France, especially for its ease of use and reliability. In this article, we will discover how an electric bike works.
What exactly is an electric bike?
Is it a bike or a scooter? No, it is an electric bike, the new eco-friendly means of transport that fascinates with its simplicity and versatility. Existing for several decades, the electric bike has gradually become popular to become today one of the most used vehicles in Europe and in some regions of Asia. Focus!
Definition of electric bike
Generally speaking, an electric bike works like a classic bike: you just have to pedal! The electric assistance only activates to support pedaling, making it smoother and less tiring. The intensity of the assistance depends on the level chosen by the user, the effort provided, and the technical characteristics of the motor. As it is often said: "It is the assistance that is electric, not the bike or the cyclist."
In reality, an electric bike is not intended for those who do not want to pedal nor for those looking for an effortless alternative. And it is also not suitable for people with disabilities requiring assistance to pedal.
Origin of the electric bike
The electric bike is not a recent invention. The first prototypes appeared long before the creation of the Tour de France. As early as the 1970s, craftsmen were already designing them, and in some Asian countries, this means of transport has been used massively for more than 20 years.
With technological advances, its design and features have evolved, but its basic philosophy remains intact: to allow everyone to enjoy the joys of the electric bike.
Today, there are as many types of electric bikes as there are different uses. For example, we find the electric bike cargo, a model increasingly popular among city dwellers who are used to transporting goods and groceries during the day. There is also the electric bike fatbike, designed for riders who like to explore rough terrains and enjoy thrills.
How does an electric bike work?
If you want to trade your old classic bike for a brand new urban electric bike, there are a few important points you need to know. You need to learn how it works, because although it is very similar to the classic bike, the electric bike has electric assistance that you should master well before venturing onto the road. We will also talk about the different types of existing motors, as well as the importance of the battery.
Operation
The electric bike works the same way as a classic bike, with a little extra: electric assistance. This is equipped with a sensor placed at the crankset, which detects pedaling movement. This information is then sent to a controller that triggers the battery to power the motor. The latter then intervenes to support the cyclist’s effort and make pedaling less tiring.
Types of motorization
Crank motors
Crank motors stand out for better assistance technology, low energy consumption, and their transmission systems. No wonder they are more expensive and highly appreciated by bike craftsmen. They offer great comfort of use while helping to extend battery life. This type of motor is perfect for mountain biking outings and trips on steep slopes.
Another positive point: their excellent efficiency, which adapts perfectly to different electric bike models. This guarantees extra comfort, especially when traveling on bumpy roads.
Friction motors
Friction motors are among the most common on the market, operating similarly to a reversed dynamo. Many brands have adopted this type of motor because it fits all bike models. This flexibility allows them to optimize their production without having to manage multiple motor references.
Wheel motors
Hub motors, also called wheel motors, stand out for their ease of use and affordable cost. Very popular among enthusiasts, they are among the most used models in Asia and Europe. Compact and equipped with Brushless technology, these motors reduce friction, noise, and the risk of overheating. This type of motor can be found on Garrett Miller electric bikes, which are among the most appreciated models by ride enthusiasts right now.
They also provide a dynamic boost at startup, which improves acceleration. However, it should be noted that the behavior of this type of motor varies depending on the manufacturer and model. Even though it is easy to handle, it is best to seek advice from professionals to better understand its operation.
The electric bike battery
Regarding battery range, manufacturers generally provide wide ranges, between 50 to 95 km. You might say that it’s too unpredictable, but too many parameters come into play, making exact estimation difficult: your weight, your pedaling strength, weather conditions, terrain, tire inflation, and the level of electric assistance.
For maximum autonomy, make sure the battery is fully charged.
How to use an electric-assist bike?
Riding a bike is fun. Riding an electric bike is just as much fun. Despite their similarities, electric bikes can offer a somewhat different experience from a traditional bike. Adapted riding is therefore all the more important. Here are some tips for excellent handling.
The first handling
First rule: before you start, take the time to get familiar with your electric bike by riding at a slow speed. Certainly, it is tempting to immediately test its limits, but it is better to take it easy at first. Once you perfectly master your bike, you can fully enjoy its capabilities on the road.
If you can, first learn to pedal without activating the electric assistance. Once comfortable, turn it on. However, on some models, the weight of the bike can make pedaling without assistance difficult. If it is essential to start, make sure it is set to the lowest level for a smooth takeoff.
Tips for a smooth start
To start smoothly, we advise you to place one foot on the pedal at the top and gently push on it while maintaining balance with the other foot on the ground. This allows you to gain initial momentum before the electric assistance takes over. Once moving, do not jerk the electric assistance too much to avoid sudden speed surges that could unbalance you.
Electric bike legislation: The rules to know
Before hitting the road with your large wheel electric bike, it is important to know the main rules governing its use. No need to panic, there is no excessive complexity, but a few essential points to keep in mind for riding with peace of mind.
Speed limit and equipment
The electric bike must be limited to 25 km/h with electric assistance. Beyond this speed, it becomes a moped and requires specific equipment (helmet, insurance, registration). Although the helmet is not mandatory for adults, it is still highly recommended for your safety, especially in urban areas.
Where can you ride?
The electric bike can travel on the same paths as traditional bicycles. However, some areas, such as pedestrian zones or certain bike lanes, may have time restrictions. So be sure to check local regulations before setting off.
Insurance: Useful but not mandatory
Although not required by law (except in certain cases), insurance can be a plus to cover potential damages caused to others. It will also offer you peace of mind in case of an accident.
FAQ
Does the electric bike require special maintenance?
As with a classic bike, regular maintenance is necessary. However, an electric bike has specific features. It is important to regularly check the battery's condition, especially its charge level and proper functioning. It is also recommended to check the motor, braking system, and electrical wiring. In case of doubt, it is best to call a professional for the maintenance of the electrical equipment.
What to do if my battery runs out during a trip?
If your battery runs out on the way, you can always continue pedaling like with a classic bike, although the weight of the electric bike makes pedaling a bit harder without assistance. If you have a model with a removable battery, it is possible to remove it and recharge it in a secure place. Some bikes are also equipped with batteries offering partial autonomy in case of low charge.
Can an electric bike be transported in a vehicle?
Most electric bikes can be transported in a vehicle, but their heavier weight compared to a classic bike can make this task more difficult. Also, if you transport the bike inside a vehicle, be careful not to damage the battery. For easy transport, some vehicles can be equipped with racks specially designed for electric bikes.
Is it possible to use an electric bike in rainy or wet conditions?
Yes, electric bikes are designed to be used in all weather conditions, including rain. The motors and batteries are generally protected by waterproof casings. However, it is always advisable to take extra precautions in extreme conditions, such as avoiding very long trips or fast descents on slippery roads.
Conclusion
At first glance, the electric bike seems like a complex device that requires some know-how. And the answer is... yes and no. Of course, it takes a bit of practice to master the device before hitting the road, but rest assured, learning is quick! After all, it works like a classic bike. The only difference lies in handling the electric assistance. By following our tips, you'll be an electric bike pro in just a few days.
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